The aim of the article is to analyze current solutions in the field of certification, characteristic of German lifelong learning system.The debate on certification of competences and skills that has been going on in this country for several decades so Activity Spiral far mainly concerned education, including higher education, and vocational educati
Consider a monopolist seller Beauty Service/Accessories who must use posted prices and reserve price auctions to sell one unit of an indivisible good while buyers with independent private values arrive over time.Assume an auction costs more to the seller or to the buyers than a posted price.For a wide range of auction cost, the optimal mechanism se
Ensuring the correct functioning of quantum error correction (QEC) circuits is crucial to achieve fault tolerance in realistic quantum processors subjected to noise.The first checkpoint for a fully operational QEC circuit Shoes is to create genuine multipartite entanglement (GME) across all subsystems of physical qubits.We introduce a conditional w